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Uncovered: The Truth About Parabens

ARE PARABENS AS DANGEROUS AS PEOPLE SAY? ROSE INC. INVESTIGATES.

Paraben is the biggest buzzword in beauty. For some, it conjures up the image of an unseen chemical enemy to avoid at all costs, but for others, it’s nothing more than a vilified preservative found in tons of consumer products, from makeup to hand soap. Then there are consumers in the middle who don’t know what to think—but are parabens really as bad as they’re made out to be? Rose Inc. digs into the storied controversy.

By Nikki Cruz

Despite the popularity of paraben-free alternatives to common products, according to Robin Dodson, Sc.D., Research Scientist atSilent Spring Institute, a nonprofit organization studying the link between the environment and women’s health, parabens are still more common than you might assume. “Even the most diligent and careful consumer can have a hard time avoiding exposure to parabens,” she says, noting that they’re in so many common products, her own research over the past 12 years has routinely found them in things like household dust. “Given their chemical properties, parabens redistribute throughout the home, so can be found most anywhere.”

PARABENS: THE SCIENCE

The main argument against parabens is that they’re “hormone disruptors,” says Dr. Dodson. “Parabens are estrogen-active chemicals, so they act like estrogen in the body and interfere with the body’s messaging system.”

The fact that parabens can weakly mimic estrogen isn’t debated in the scientific community—it’s whether or not this is inherently dangerous, and how much exposure threatens our health, that is the crux of the issue.

“The effects in the body to these and other chemicals that act like estrogen can be cumulative,” Dr. Dodson says, noting that parabens can cause the most damage to humans in utero, during puberty or menopause, and while undergoing treatment for certain diseases. “In other words, exposure to multiple hormone disruptors adds up. My concern is the aggregate exposure to parabens from many products.”

By Nikki Cruz

PARABENS: THE CONFLICTING VIEWS

While the body of research against parabens is growing, the other side of the debate argues that the science is still inconclusive—and some suggest that brands have prematurely leaned into fear-based marketing to create a ‘paraben-free’ stamp used to sell products, not protect the consumer’s safety.

Currently, the American Cancer Society’s stance is that “studies have not shown any direct link between parabens and any health problems, including breast cancer,” while the FDA’s viewpoint is that “parabens have not been shown to be harmful as used in cosmetics.”

They’re arguments that the Breast Cancer Prevention Partners—a policy and advocacy organization with a focus on reducing breast cancer by eliminating exposure to toxic chemicals and radiation—fights against. As reported on its site, “several studies have shown that parabens can affect the mechanisms of normal breast cells and potentially influence their abnormal growth leading to increased risk for breast cancer.”

Meanwhile, The Environmental Working Group, suggests avoiding parabens as well: “Given the endocrine disruption capacity and documented female and male reproductive harm, coupled with the potential for repeated lifelong exposure, it is clear that long-chain parabens (isobutyl-, butyl-, isopropyl- and propylparaben) should not be used in personal care or cosmetic products.”

As a product formulator, Wilson understands why consumers might want to avoid parabens, but she herself doesn’t see the danger. “I never disregard anyone's concerns especially when it comes down to their health,” she says. “But I don’t see them as a huge concern.”

But for scientists who spend day in and day out researching their impact—like Dr. Dodson—where the data is headed, is clear. “Some people say that low level exposures don’t matter,” she says. “However, we are not exposed to estrogen-active chemicals one at a time in insolation. We are exposed to these chemicals cumulatively—and exposures add up.”



Photographs by Nikki Cruz.

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